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Select.php in Drupal driver for SQL Server and SQL Azure 8

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drivers/lib/Drupal/Driver/Database/sqlsrv/Select.php
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<?php

/**
 * @file
 * Definition of Drupal\Driver\Database\sqlsrv\Select
 */
namespace Drupal\Driver\Database\sqlsrv;

use Drupal\Core\Database\Connection as DatabaseConnection;
use Drupal\Core\Database\Query\PlaceholderInterface as DatabasePlaceholderInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Database\Query\SelectInterface as DatabaseSelectInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select as QuerySelect;
use Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Condition as DatabaseCondition;

/**
 * @addtogroup database
 * @{
 */
class Select extends QuerySelect {

  /**
   * Adds an expression to the list of "fields" to be SELECTed.
   *
   * An expression can be any arbitrary string that is valid SQL. That includes
   * various functions, which may in some cases be database-dependent. This
   * method makes no effort to correct for database-specific functions.
   *
   * Overriden with an aditional exclude parameter that tells not to include
   * this expression (by default) in the select list.
   *
   * Drupal expects the AVG() function to return a decimal number. SQL Server
   * will return the FLOOR instead. We multiply the expression by 1.0 to force
   * a cast inside the AVG function. `AVG(m.id)` becomes `AVG(m.id * 1.0)`.
   *
   * @param string $expression
   *   The expression string. May contain placeholders.
   * @param string $alias
   *   The alias for this expression. If not specified, one will be generated
   *   automatically in the form "expression_#". The alias will be checked for
   *   uniqueness, so the requested alias may not be the alias that is assigned
   *   in all cases.
   * @param mixed $arguments
   *   Any placeholder arguments needed for this expression.
   * @param string $exclude
   *   If set to TRUE, this expression will not be added to the select list.
   *   Useful when you want to reuse expressions in the WHERE part.
   * @param string $expand
   *   If this expression will be expanded as a CROSS_JOIN so it can be consumed
   *   from other parts of the query. TRUE by default. It attempts to detect
   *   expressions that cannot be cross joined (aggregates).
   *
   * @return string
   *   The unique alias that was assigned for this expression.
   */
  public function addExpression($expression, $alias = NULL, $arguments = [], $exclude = FALSE, $expand = TRUE) {
    $sub_expression = $expression;
    $replacement_expression = '';
    while (strlen($sub_expression) > 5 && ($pos1 = stripos($sub_expression, 'AVG(')) !== FALSE) {
      $pos2 = $this
        ->findParenMatch($sub_expression, $pos1 + 3);
      $inner = substr($sub_expression, $pos1 + 4, $pos2 - 4 - $pos1);
      $replacement_expression .= substr($sub_expression, 0, $pos1 + 4) . '(' . $inner . ') * 1.0)';
      if (strlen($sub_expression) > $pos2 + 1) {
        $sub_expression = substr($sub_expression, $pos2 + 1);
      }
      else {
        $sub_expression = '';
      }
    }
    $replacement_expression .= $sub_expression;
    $alias = parent::addExpression($replacement_expression, $alias, $arguments);
    $this->expressions[$alias]['exclude'] = $exclude;
    $this->expressions[$alias]['expand'] = $expand;
    return $alias;
  }

  /**
   * Given a string find the matching parenthesis after the given point.
   *
   * @param string $string
   *   The input string.
   * @param int $start_paren
   *   The 0 indexed position of the open-paren, for which we would like
   *   to find the matching closing-paren.
   *
   * @return int
   *   The 0 indexed position of the close paren.
   */
  private function findParenMatch($string, $start_paren) {
    $str_array = str_split(substr($string, $start_paren + 1));
    $paren_num = 1;
    foreach ($str_array as $i => $char) {
      if ($char == '(') {
        $paren_num++;
      }
      elseif ($char == ')') {
        $paren_num--;
      }
      if ($paren_num == 0) {
        return $i + $start_paren + 1;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Override for SelectQuery::preExecute().
   *
   * Ensure that all the fields in ORDER BY and GROUP BY are part of the
   * main query.
   */
  public function preExecute(DatabaseSelectInterface $query = NULL) {

    // If no query object is passed in, use $this.
    if (!isset($query)) {
      $query = $this;
    }

    // Only execute this once.
    if ($this
      ->isPrepared()) {
      return TRUE;
    }

    // Execute standard pre-execution first.
    parent::preExecute($query);
    if ($this->distinct || $this->group) {

      // When the query is DISTINCT or contains GROUP BY fields, all the fields
      // in the GROUP BY and ORDER BY clauses must appear in the returned
      // columns.
      $columns = $this->order + array_flip($this->group);
      $counter = 0;
      foreach ($columns as $field => $dummy) {
        $found = FALSE;
        foreach ($this->fields as $f) {
          if (!isset($f['table']) || !isset($f['field'])) {
            continue;
          }
          $alias = "{$f['table']}.{$f['field']}";
          if ($alias == $field) {
            $found = TRUE;
            break;
          }
        }
        if (!isset($this->fields[$field]) && !isset($this->expressions[$field]) && !$found) {
          $alias = '_field_' . $counter++;
          $this
            ->addExpression($field, $alias, array(), FALSE, FALSE);
          $this->queryOptions['sqlsrv_drop_columns'][] = $alias;
        }
      }

      // The other way round is also true, if using aggregates, all the fields in the SELECT
      // must be present in the GROUP BY.
      if (!empty($this->group)) {
        foreach ($this->fields as $field) {
          $spec = $field['table'] . '.' . $field['field'];
          $alias = $field['alias'];
          if (!isset($this->group[$spec]) && !isset($this->group[$alias])) {
            $this->group[$spec] = $spec;
          }
        }
      }

      // More over, GROUP BY columns cannot use aliases, so expand them to
      // their full expressions.
      foreach ($this->group as $key => &$group_field) {

        // Expand an alias on a field.
        if (isset($this->fields[$group_field])) {
          $field = $this->fields[$group_field];
          $group_field = (isset($field['table']) ? $this->connection
            ->escapeTable($field['table']) . '.' : '') . $this->connection
            ->escapeField($field['field']);
        }
        else {
          if (isset($this->expressions[$group_field])) {
            $expression = $this->expressions[$group_field];
            $group_field = $expression['expression'];

            // If the expression has arguments, we now
            // have duplicate placeholders. Run as insecure.
            if (is_array($expression['arguments'])) {
              $this->queryOptions['insecure'] = TRUE;
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return $this->prepared;
  }

  /**
   * Override for SelectQuery::compile().
   *
   * Detect when this query is prepared for use in a sub-query.
   */
  public function compile(DatabaseConnection $connection, DatabasePlaceholderInterface $queryPlaceholder) {
    $this->inSubQuery = $queryPlaceholder != $this;
    return parent::compile($connection, $queryPlaceholder);
  }

  /* strpos that takes an array of values to match against a string
   * note the stupid argument order (to match strpos)
   */
  private function stripos_arr($haystack, $needle) {
    if (!is_array($needle)) {
      $needle = array(
        $needle,
      );
    }
    foreach ($needle as $what) {
      if (($pos = stripos($haystack, $what)) !== false) {
        return $pos;
      }
    }
    return FALSE;
  }
  const RESERVED_REGEXP_BASE = '/\\G
    # Everything that follows a boundary that is not ":" or "_" or ".".
    \\b(?<![:\\[_\\[.])(?:
      # Any reserved words, followed by a boundary that is not an opening parenthesis.
      ({0})
      (?!\\()
      |
      # Or a normal word.
      ([a-z]+)
    )\\b
    |
    \\b(
      [^a-z\'"\\\\]+
    )\\b
    |
    (?=[\'"])
    (
      "  [^\\\\"] * (?: \\\\. [^\\\\"] *) * "
      |
      \' [^\\\\\']* (?: \\\\. [^\\\\\']*) * \'
    )
  /Six';
  private $cross_apply_aliases;
  protected function replaceReservedAliases($matches) {
    if ($matches[1] !== '') {

      // Replace reserved words.
      return $this->cross_apply_aliases[$matches[1]];
    }

    // Let other value passthru.
    // by the logic of the regex above, this will always be the last match.
    return end($matches);
  }
  public function __toString() {

    // For convenience, we compile the query ourselves if the caller forgot
    // to do it. This allows constructs like "(string) $query" to work. When
    // the query will be executed, it will be recompiled using the proper
    // placeholder generator anyway.
    if (!$this
      ->compiled()) {
      $this
        ->compile($this->connection, $this);
    }

    // Create a sanitized comment string to prepend to the query.
    $comments = $this->connection
      ->makeComment($this->comments);

    // SELECT
    $query = $comments . 'SELECT ';
    if ($this->distinct) {
      $query .= 'DISTINCT ';
    }

    // FIELDS and EXPRESSIONS
    $fields = array();
    foreach ($this->tables as $alias => $table) {

      // Table might be a subquery, so nothing to do really.
      if (is_string($table['table']) && !empty($table['all_fields'])) {

        // Temporary tables are not supported here.
        if ($table['table'][0] == '#') {
          $fields[] = $this->connection
            ->escapeTable($alias) . '.*';
        }
        else {
          $info = $this->connection
            ->schema()
            ->queryColumnInformation($table['table']);

          // Some fields need to be "transparent" to Drupal, including technical primary keys
          // or custom computed columns.
          foreach ($info['columns_clean'] as $column) {
            $fields[] = $this->connection
              ->escapeTable($alias) . '.' . $this->connection
              ->escapeField($column['name']);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    foreach ($this->fields as $alias => $field) {

      // Always use the AS keyword for field aliases, as some
      // databases require it (e.g., PostgreSQL).
      $fields[] = (isset($field['table']) ? $this->connection
        ->escapeTable($field['table']) . '.' : '') . $this->connection
        ->escapeField($field['field']) . ' AS ' . $this->connection
        ->escapeAlias($field['alias']);
    }

    // In MySQL you can reuse expressions present in SELECT
    // from WHERE.
    // The way to emulate that behaviour in SQL Server is to
    // fit all that in a CROSS_APPLY with an alias and then consume
    // it from WHERE or AGGREGATE.
    $cross_apply = array();
    $this->cross_apply_aliases = array();
    foreach ($this->expressions as $alias => $expression) {

      // Only use CROSS_APPLY for non-aggregate expresions. This trick
      // will not work, and does not make sense, for aggregates.
      // If the alias is 'expression' this is Drupal's default
      // meaning that more than probably this expression
      // is never reused in a WHERE.
      if ($expression['expand'] !== FALSE && $expression['alias'] != 'expression' && $this
        ->stripos_arr($expression['expression'], array(
        'AVG(',
        'GROUP_CONCAT(',
        'COUNT(',
        'MAX(',
        'GROUPING(',
        'GROUPING_ID(',
        'COUNT_BIG(',
        'CHECKSUM_AGG(',
        'MIN(',
        'SUM(',
        'VAR(',
        'VARP(',
        'STDEV(',
        'STDEVP(',
      )) === FALSE) {

        // What we are doing here is using a CROSS APPLY to
        // generate an expression that can be used in the select and where
        // but we need to give this expression a new name.
        $cross_apply[] = "\nCROSS APPLY (SELECT " . $expression['expression'] . ' cross_sqlsrv) cross_' . $expression['alias'];
        $new_alias = 'cross_' . $expression['alias'] . '.cross_sqlsrv';

        // We might not want an expression to appear in the select list.
        if ($expression['exclude'] !== TRUE) {
          $fields[] = $new_alias . ' AS ' . $expression['alias'];
        }

        // Store old expression and new representation.
        $this->cross_apply_aliases[$expression['alias']] = 'cross_' . $expression['alias'] . '.cross_sqlsrv';
      }
      else {

        // We might not want an expression to appear in the select list.
        if ($expression['exclude'] !== TRUE) {
          $fields[] = $expression['expression'] . ' AS [' . $expression['alias'] . ']';
        }
      }
    }
    $query .= implode(', ', $fields);

    // FROM - We presume all queries have a FROM, as any query that doesn't won't need the query builder anyway.
    $query .= "\nFROM ";
    foreach ($this->tables as $alias => $table) {
      $query .= "\n";
      if (isset($table['join type'])) {
        $query .= $table['join type'] . ' JOIN ';
      }

      // If the table is a subquery, compile it and integrate it into this query.
      if ($table['table'] instanceof DatabaseSelectInterface) {

        // Run preparation steps on this sub-query before converting to string.
        $subquery = $table['table'];
        $subquery
          ->preExecute();
        $table_string = '(' . (string) $subquery . ')';
      }
      else {
        $table_string = '{' . $this->connection
          ->escapeTable($table['table']) . '}';
      }

      // Don't use the AS keyword for table aliases, as some
      // databases don't support it (e.g., Oracle).
      $query .= $table_string . ' ' . $this->connection
        ->escapeTable($table['alias']);
      if (!empty($table['condition'])) {
        $query .= ' ON ' . $table['condition'];
      }
    }

    // CROSS APPLY
    $query .= implode($cross_apply);

    // WHERE
    if (count($this->condition)) {

      // There is an implicit string cast on $this->condition.
      $where = (string) $this->condition;

      // References to expressions in cross-apply need to be updated.
      // Now we need to update all references to the expression aliases
      // and point them to the CROSS APPLY alias.
      if (!empty($this->cross_apply_aliases)) {
        $regex = str_replace('{0}', implode('|', array_keys($this->cross_apply_aliases)), self::RESERVED_REGEXP_BASE);

        // Add and then remove the SELECT
        // keyword. Do this to use the exact same
        // regex that we have in DatabaseConnection_sqlrv.
        $where = 'SELECT ' . $where;
        $where = preg_replace_callback($regex, array(
          $this,
          'replaceReservedAliases',
        ), $where);
        $where = substr($where, 7, strlen($where) - 7);
      }
      $query .= "\nWHERE ( " . $where . " )";
    }

    // GROUP BY
    if ($this->group) {
      $group = $this->group;

      // You named it, if the newly expanded expression
      // is added to the select list, then it must
      // also be present in the aggregate expression.
      $group = array_merge($group, $this->cross_apply_aliases);
      $query .= "\nGROUP BY " . implode(', ', $group);
    }

    // HAVING
    if (count($this->having)) {

      // There is an implicit string cast on $this->having.
      $query .= "\nHAVING " . $this->having;
    }

    // ORDER BY
    // The ORDER BY clause is invalid in views, inline functions, derived
    // tables, subqueries, and common table expressions, unless TOP or FOR XML
    // is also specified.
    if ($this->order && (empty($this->inSubQuery) || !empty($this->range))) {
      $query .= "\nORDER BY ";
      $fields = array();
      foreach ($this->order as $field => $direction) {
        $fields[] = $field . ' ' . $direction;
      }
      $query .= implode(', ', $fields);
    }

    // RANGE
    if (!empty($this->range)) {
      $query = $this->connection
        ->addRangeToQuery($query, $this->range['start'], $this->range['length']);
    }

    // UNION is a little odd, as the select queries to combine are passed into
    // this query, but syntactically they all end up on the same level.
    if ($this->union) {
      foreach ($this->union as $union) {
        $query .= ' ' . $union['type'] . ' ' . (string) $union['query'];
      }
    }
    return $query;
  }

  /**
   * Override of SelectQuery::orderRandom() for SQL Server.
   *
   * It seems that sorting by RAND() doesn't actually work, this is a less then
   * elegant workaround.
   *
   * @status tested
   */
  public function orderRandom() {
    $alias = $this
      ->addExpression('NEWID()', 'random_field');
    $this
      ->orderBy($alias);
    return $this;
  }
  private function GetUsedAliases(DatabaseCondition $condition, array &$aliases = array()) {
    foreach ($condition
      ->conditions() as $key => $c) {
      if (is_string($key) && substr($key, 0, 1) == '#') {
        continue;
      }
      if (is_a($c['field'], DatabaseCondition::class)) {
        $this
          ->GetUsedAliases($c['field'], $aliases);
      }
      else {
        $aliases[$c['field']] = TRUE;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * This is like the default countQuery, but does not optimize field (or expressions)
   * that are being used in conditions.
   */
  public function countQuery() {

    // Create our new query object that we will mutate into a count query.
    $count = clone $this;
    $group_by = $count
      ->getGroupBy();
    $having = $count
      ->havingConditions();
    if (!$count->distinct && !isset($having[0])) {
      $used_aliases = array();
      $this
        ->GetUsedAliases($count->condition, $used_aliases);

      // When not executing a distinct query, we can zero-out existing fields
      // and expressions that are not used by a GROUP BY or HAVING. Fields
      // listed in a GROUP BY or HAVING clause need to be present in the
      // query.
      $fields =& $count
        ->getFields();
      foreach ($fields as $field => $value) {
        if (empty($group_by[$field]) && !isset($used_aliases[$value['alias']])) {
          unset($fields[$field]);
        }
      }
      $expressions =& $count
        ->getExpressions();
      foreach ($expressions as $field => $value) {
        if (empty($group_by[$field]) && !isset($used_aliases[$value['alias']])) {
          unset($expressions[$field]);
        }
      }

      // Also remove 'all_fields' statements, which are expanded into tablename.*
      // when the query is executed.
      foreach ($count->tables as $alias => &$table) {
        unset($table['all_fields']);
      }
    }

    // If we've just removed all fields from the query, make sure there is at
    // least one so that the query still runs.
    $count
      ->addExpression('1');

    // Ordering a count query is a waste of cycles, and breaks on some
    // databases anyway.
    $orders =& $count
      ->getOrderBy();
    $orders = array();
    if ($count->distinct && !empty($group_by)) {

      // If the query is distinct and contains a GROUP BY, we need to remove the
      // distinct because SQL99 does not support counting on distinct multiple fields.
      $count->distinct = FALSE;
    }
    $query = $this->connection
      ->select($count);
    $query
      ->addExpression('COUNT(*)');
    return $query;
  }

}

/**
 * @} End of "addtogroup database".
 */

Classes

Namesort descending Description
Select