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<?php

/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */

/**
 * Contains the DB_common base class
 *
 * PHP versions 4 and 5
 *
 * LICENSE: This source file is subject to version 3.0 of the PHP license
 * that is available through the world-wide-web at the following URI:
 * http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt.  If you did not receive a copy of
 * the PHP License and are unable to obtain it through the web, please
 * send a note to license@php.net so we can mail you a copy immediately.
 *
 * @category   Database
 * @package    DB
 * @author     Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
 * @author     Tomas V.V. Cox <cox@idecnet.com>
 * @author     Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
 * @copyright  1997-2005 The PHP Group
 * @license    http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt  PHP License 3.0
 * @link       http://pear.php.net/package/DB
 */

/**
 * Obtain the PEAR class so it can be extended from
 */
require_once 'PEAR.php';

/**
 * DB_common is the base class from which each database driver class extends
 *
 * All common methods are declared here.  If a given DBMS driver contains
 * a particular method, that method will overload the one here.
 *
 * @category   Database
 * @package    DB
 * @author     Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
 * @author     Tomas V.V. Cox <cox@idecnet.com>
 * @author     Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
 * @copyright  1997-2005 The PHP Group
 * @license    http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt  PHP License 3.0
 * @version    Release: @package_version@
 * @link       http://pear.php.net/package/DB
 */
class DB_common extends PEAR {

  // {{{ properties

  /**
   * The current default fetch mode
   * @var integer
   */
  var $fetchmode = DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED;

  /**
   * The name of the class into which results should be fetched when
   * DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT is in effect
   *
   * @var string
   */
  var $fetchmode_object_class = 'stdClass';

  /**
   * Was a connection present when the object was serialized()?
   * @var bool
   * @see DB_common::__sleep(), DB_common::__wake()
   */
  var $was_connected = null;

  /**
   * The most recently executed query
   * @var string
   */
  var $last_query = '';

  /**
   * Run-time configuration options
   *
   * The 'optimize' option has been deprecated.  Use the 'portability'
   * option instead.
   *
   * @var array
   * @see DB_common::setOption()
   */
  var $options = [
    'result_buffering' => 500,
    'persistent' => false,
    'ssl' => false,
    'debug' => 0,
    'seqname_format' => '%s_seq',
    'autofree' => false,
    'portability' => DB_PORTABILITY_NONE,
    'optimize' => 'performance',
  ];

  /**
   * The parameters from the most recently executed query
   * @var array
   * @since Property available since Release 1.7.0
   */
  var $last_parameters = [];

  /**
   * The elements from each prepared statement
   * @var array
   */
  var $prepare_tokens = [];

  /**
   * The data types of the various elements in each prepared statement
   * @var array
   */
  var $prepare_types = [];

  /**
   * The prepared queries
   * @var array
   */
  var $prepared_queries = [];

  // }}}
  // {{{ DB_common

  /**
   * This constructor calls <kbd>$this->PEAR('DB_Error')</kbd>
   *
   * @return void
   */
  function DB_common() {
    $this
      ->PEAR('DB_Error');
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ __sleep()

  /**
   * Automatically indicates which properties should be saved
   * when PHP's serialize() function is called
   *
   * @return array  the array of properties names that should be saved
   */
  function __sleep() {
    if ($this->connection) {

      // Don't disconnect(), people use serialize() for many reasons
      $this->was_connected = true;
    }
    else {
      $this->was_connected = false;
    }
    if (isset($this->autocommit)) {
      return array(
        'autocommit',
        'dbsyntax',
        'dsn',
        'features',
        'fetchmode',
        'fetchmode_object_class',
        'options',
        'was_connected',
      );
    }
    else {
      return array(
        'dbsyntax',
        'dsn',
        'features',
        'fetchmode',
        'fetchmode_object_class',
        'options',
        'was_connected',
      );
    }
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ __wakeup()

  /**
   * Automatically reconnects to the database when PHP's unserialize()
   * function is called
   *
   * The reconnection attempt is only performed if the object was connected
   * at the time PHP's serialize() function was run.
   *
   * @return void
   */
  function __wakeup() {
    if ($this->was_connected) {
      $this
        ->connect($this->dsn, $this->options);
    }
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ __toString()

  /**
   * Automatic string conversion for PHP 5
   *
   * @return string  a string describing the current PEAR DB object
   *
   * @since Method available since Release 1.7.0
   */
  function __toString() {
    $info = strtolower(get_class($this));
    $info .= ': (phptype=' . $this->phptype . ', dbsyntax=' . $this->dbsyntax . ')';
    if ($this->connection) {
      $info .= ' [connected]';
    }
    return $info;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ toString()

  /**
   * DEPRECATED:  String conversion method
   *
   * @return string  a string describing the current PEAR DB object
   *
   * @deprecated Method deprecated in Release 1.7.0
   */
  function toString() {
    return $this
      ->__toString();
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ quoteString()

  /**
   * DEPRECATED: Quotes a string so it can be safely used within string
   * delimiters in a query
   *
   * @param string $string  the string to be quoted
   *
   * @return string  the quoted string
   *
   * @see DB_common::quoteSmart(), DB_common::escapeSimple()
   * @deprecated Method deprecated some time before Release 1.2
   */
  function quoteString($string) {
    $string = $this
      ->quote($string);
    if ($string[0] == "'") {
      return substr($string, 1, -1);
    }
    return $string;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ quote()

  /**
   * DEPRECATED: Quotes a string so it can be safely used in a query
   *
   * @param string $string  the string to quote
   *
   * @return string  the quoted string or the string <samp>NULL</samp>
   *                  if the value submitted is <kbd>null</kbd>.
   *
   * @see DB_common::quoteSmart(), DB_common::escapeSimple()
   * @deprecated Deprecated in release 1.6.0
   */
  function quote($string = null) {
    return $string === null ? 'NULL' : "'" . str_replace("'", "''", $string) . "'";
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ quoteIdentifier()

  /**
   * Quotes a string so it can be safely used as a table or column name
   *
   * Delimiting style depends on which database driver is being used.
   *
   * NOTE: just because you CAN use delimited identifiers doesn't mean
   * you SHOULD use them.  In general, they end up causing way more
   * problems than they solve.
   *
   * Portability is broken by using the following characters inside
   * delimited identifiers:
   *   + backtick (<kbd>`</kbd>) -- due to MySQL
   *   + double quote (<kbd>"</kbd>) -- due to Oracle
   *   + brackets (<kbd>[</kbd> or <kbd>]</kbd>) -- due to Access
   *
   * Delimited identifiers are known to generally work correctly under
   * the following drivers:
   *   + mssql
   *   + mysql
   *   + mysqli
   *   + oci8
   *   + odbc(access)
   *   + odbc(db2)
   *   + pgsql
   *   + sqlite
   *   + sybase (must execute <kbd>set quoted_identifier on</kbd> sometime
   *     prior to use)
   *
   * InterBase doesn't seem to be able to use delimited identifiers
   * via PHP 4.  They work fine under PHP 5.
   *
   * @param string $str  the identifier name to be quoted
   *
   * @return string  the quoted identifier
   *
   * @since Method available since Release 1.6.0
   */
  function quoteIdentifier($str) {
    return '"' . str_replace('"', '""', $str) . '"';
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ quoteSmart()

  /**
   * Formats input so it can be safely used in a query
   *
   * The output depends on the PHP data type of input and the database
   * type being used.
   *
   * @param mixed $in  the data to be formatted
   *
   * @return mixed  the formatted data.  The format depends on the input's
   *                 PHP type:
   * <ul>
   *  <li>
   *    <kbd>input</kbd> -> <samp>returns</samp>
   *  </li>
   *  <li>
   *    <kbd>null</kbd> -> the string <samp>NULL</samp>
   *  </li>
   *  <li>
   *    <kbd>integer</kbd> or <kbd>double</kbd> -> the unquoted number
   *  </li>
   *  <li>
   *    <kbd>bool</kbd> -> output depends on the driver in use
   *    Most drivers return integers: <samp>1</samp> if
   *    <kbd>true</kbd> or <samp>0</samp> if
   *    <kbd>false</kbd>.
   *    Some return strings: <samp>TRUE</samp> if
   *    <kbd>true</kbd> or <samp>FALSE</samp> if
   *    <kbd>false</kbd>.
   *    Finally one returns strings: <samp>T</samp> if
   *    <kbd>true</kbd> or <samp>F</samp> if
   *    <kbd>false</kbd>. Here is a list of each DBMS,
   *    the values returned and the suggested column type:
   *    <ul>
   *      <li>
   *        <kbd>dbase</kbd> -> <samp>T/F</samp>
   *        (<kbd>Logical</kbd>)
   *      </li>
   *      <li>
   *        <kbd>fbase</kbd> -> <samp>TRUE/FALSE</samp>
   *        (<kbd>BOOLEAN</kbd>)
   *      </li>
   *      <li>
   *        <kbd>ibase</kbd> -> <samp>1/0</samp>
   *        (<kbd>SMALLINT</kbd>) [1]
   *      </li>
   *      <li>
   *        <kbd>ifx</kbd> -> <samp>1/0</samp>
   *        (<kbd>SMALLINT</kbd>) [1]
   *      </li>
   *      <li>
   *        <kbd>msql</kbd> -> <samp>1/0</samp>
   *        (<kbd>INTEGER</kbd>)
   *      </li>
   *      <li>
   *        <kbd>mssql</kbd> -> <samp>1/0</samp>
   *        (<kbd>BIT</kbd>)
   *      </li>
   *      <li>
   *        <kbd>mysql</kbd> -> <samp>1/0</samp>
   *        (<kbd>TINYINT(1)</kbd>)
   *      </li>
   *      <li>
   *        <kbd>mysqli</kbd> -> <samp>1/0</samp>
   *        (<kbd>TINYINT(1)</kbd>)
   *      </li>
   *      <li>
   *        <kbd>oci8</kbd> -> <samp>1/0</samp>
   *        (<kbd>NUMBER(1)</kbd>)
   *      </li>
   *      <li>
   *        <kbd>odbc</kbd> -> <samp>1/0</samp>
   *        (<kbd>SMALLINT</kbd>) [1]
   *      </li>
   *      <li>
   *        <kbd>pgsql</kbd> -> <samp>TRUE/FALSE</samp>
   *        (<kbd>BOOLEAN</kbd>)
   *      </li>
   *      <li>
   *        <kbd>sqlite</kbd> -> <samp>1/0</samp>
   *        (<kbd>INTEGER</kbd>)
   *      </li>
   *      <li>
   *        <kbd>sybase</kbd> -> <samp>1/0</samp>
   *        (<kbd>TINYINT(1)</kbd>)
   *      </li>
   *    </ul>
   *    [1] Accommodate the lowest common denominator because not all
   *    versions of have <kbd>BOOLEAN</kbd>.
   *  </li>
   *  <li>
   *    other (including strings and numeric strings) ->
   *    the data with single quotes escaped by preceeding
   *    single quotes, backslashes are escaped by preceeding
   *    backslashes, then the whole string is encapsulated
   *    between single quotes
   *  </li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * @see DB_common::escapeSimple()
   * @since Method available since Release 1.6.0
   */
  function quoteSmart($in) {
    if (is_int($in) || is_double($in)) {
      return $in;
    }
    elseif (is_bool($in)) {
      return $in ? 1 : 0;
    }
    elseif (is_null($in)) {
      return 'NULL';
    }
    else {
      return "'" . $this
        ->escapeSimple($in) . "'";
    }
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ escapeSimple()

  /**
   * Escapes a string according to the current DBMS's standards
   *
   * In SQLite, this makes things safe for inserts/updates, but may
   * cause problems when performing text comparisons against columns
   * containing binary data. See the
   * {@link http://php.net/sqlite_escape_string PHP manual} for more info.
   *
   * @param string $str  the string to be escaped
   *
   * @return string  the escaped string
   *
   * @see DB_common::quoteSmart()
   * @since Method available since Release 1.6.0
   */
  function escapeSimple($str) {
    return str_replace("'", "''", $str);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ provides()

  /**
   * Tells whether the present driver supports a given feature
   *
   * @param string $feature  the feature you're curious about
   *
   * @return bool  whether this driver supports $feature
   */
  function provides($feature) {
    return $this->features[$feature];
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ setFetchMode()

  /**
   * Sets the fetch mode that should be used by default for query results
   *
   * @param integer $fetchmode    DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED, DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC
   *                               or DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT
   * @param string $object_class  the class name of the object to be returned
   *                               by the fetch methods when the
   *                               DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT mode is selected.
   *                               If no class is specified by default a cast
   *                               to object from the assoc array row will be
   *                               done.  There is also the posibility to use
   *                               and extend the 'DB_row' class.
   *
   * @see DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED, DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC, DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT
   */
  function setFetchMode($fetchmode, $object_class = 'stdClass') {
    switch ($fetchmode) {
      case DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT:
        $this->fetchmode_object_class = $object_class;
      case DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED:
      case DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC:
        $this->fetchmode = $fetchmode;
        break;
      default:
        return $this
          ->raiseError('invalid fetchmode mode');
    }
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ setOption()

  /**
   * Sets run-time configuration options for PEAR DB
   *
   * Options, their data types, default values and description:
   * <ul>
   * <li>
   * <var>autofree</var> <kbd>boolean</kbd> = <samp>false</samp>
   *      <br />should results be freed automatically when there are no
   *            more rows?
   * </li><li>
   * <var>result_buffering</var> <kbd>integer</kbd> = <samp>500</samp>
   *      <br />how many rows of the result set should be buffered?
   *      <br />In mysql: mysql_unbuffered_query() is used instead of
   *            mysql_query() if this value is 0.  (Release 1.7.0)
   *      <br />In oci8: this value is passed to ocisetprefetch().
   *            (Release 1.7.0)
   * </li><li>
   * <var>debug</var> <kbd>integer</kbd> = <samp>0</samp>
   *      <br />debug level
   * </li><li>
   * <var>persistent</var> <kbd>boolean</kbd> = <samp>false</samp>
   *      <br />should the connection be persistent?
   * </li><li>
   * <var>portability</var> <kbd>integer</kbd> = <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_NONE</samp>
   *      <br />portability mode constant (see below)
   * </li><li>
   * <var>seqname_format</var> <kbd>string</kbd> = <samp>%s_seq</samp>
   *      <br />the sprintf() format string used on sequence names.  This
   *            format is applied to sequence names passed to
   *            createSequence(), nextID() and dropSequence().
   * </li><li>
   * <var>ssl</var> <kbd>boolean</kbd> = <samp>false</samp>
   *      <br />use ssl to connect?
   * </li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * -----------------------------------------
   *
   * PORTABILITY MODES
   *
   * These modes are bitwised, so they can be combined using <kbd>|</kbd>
   * and removed using <kbd>^</kbd>.  See the examples section below on how
   * to do this.
   *
   * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_NONE</samp>
   * turn off all portability features
   *
   * This mode gets automatically turned on if the deprecated
   * <var>optimize</var> option gets set to <samp>performance</samp>.
   *
   *
   * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE</samp>
   * convert names of tables and fields to lower case when using
   * <kbd>get*()</kbd>, <kbd>fetch*()</kbd> and <kbd>tableInfo()</kbd>
   *
   * This mode gets automatically turned on in the following databases
   * if the deprecated option <var>optimize</var> gets set to
   * <samp>portability</samp>:
   * + oci8
   *
   *
   * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM</samp>
   * right trim the data output by <kbd>get*()</kbd> <kbd>fetch*()</kbd>
   *
   *
   * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_DELETE_COUNT</samp>
   * force reporting the number of rows deleted
   *
   * Some DBMS's don't count the number of rows deleted when performing
   * simple <kbd>DELETE FROM tablename</kbd> queries.  This portability
   * mode tricks such DBMS's into telling the count by adding
   * <samp>WHERE 1=1</samp> to the end of <kbd>DELETE</kbd> queries.
   *
   * This mode gets automatically turned on in the following databases
   * if the deprecated option <var>optimize</var> gets set to
   * <samp>portability</samp>:
   * + fbsql
   * + mysql
   * + mysqli
   * + sqlite
   *
   *
   * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_NUMROWS</samp>
   * enable hack that makes <kbd>numRows()</kbd> work in Oracle
   *
   * This mode gets automatically turned on in the following databases
   * if the deprecated option <var>optimize</var> gets set to
   * <samp>portability</samp>:
   * + oci8
   *
   *
   * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_ERRORS</samp>
   * makes certain error messages in certain drivers compatible
   * with those from other DBMS's
   *
   * + mysql, mysqli:  change unique/primary key constraints
   *   DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS -> DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT
   *
   * + odbc(access):  MS's ODBC driver reports 'no such field' as code
   *   07001, which means 'too few parameters.'  When this option is on
   *   that code gets mapped to DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD.
   *   DB_ERROR_MISMATCH -> DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD
   *
   * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_NULL_TO_EMPTY</samp>
   * convert null values to empty strings in data output by get*() and
   * fetch*().  Needed because Oracle considers empty strings to be null,
   * while most other DBMS's know the difference between empty and null.
   *
   *
   * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_ALL</samp>
   * turn on all portability features
   *
   * -----------------------------------------
   *
   * Example 1. Simple setOption() example
   * <code>
   * $db->setOption('autofree', true);
   * </code>
   *
   * Example 2. Portability for lowercasing and trimming
   * <code>
   * $db->setOption('portability',
   *                 DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE | DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM);
   * </code>
   *
   * Example 3. All portability options except trimming
   * <code>
   * $db->setOption('portability',
   *                 DB_PORTABILITY_ALL ^ DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM);
   * </code>
   *
   * @param string $option option name
   * @param mixed  $value value for the option
   *
   * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
   *
   * @see DB_common::$options
   */
  function setOption($option, $value) {
    if (isset($this->options[$option])) {
      $this->options[$option] = $value;

      /*
       * Backwards compatibility check for the deprecated 'optimize'
       * option.  Done here in case settings change after connecting.
       */
      if ($option == 'optimize') {
        if ($value == 'portability') {
          switch ($this->phptype) {
            case 'oci8':
              $this->options['portability'] = DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE | DB_PORTABILITY_NUMROWS;
              break;
            case 'fbsql':
            case 'mysql':
            case 'mysqli':
            case 'sqlite':
              $this->options['portability'] = DB_PORTABILITY_DELETE_COUNT;
              break;
          }
        }
        else {
          $this->options['portability'] = DB_PORTABILITY_NONE;
        }
      }
      return DB_OK;
    }
    return $this
      ->raiseError("unknown option {$option}");
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ getOption()

  /**
   * Returns the value of an option
   *
   * @param string $option  the option name you're curious about
   *
   * @return mixed  the option's value
   */
  function getOption($option) {
    if (isset($this->options[$option])) {
      return $this->options[$option];
    }
    return $this
      ->raiseError("unknown option {$option}");
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ prepare()

  /**
   * Prepares a query for multiple execution with execute()
   *
   * Creates a query that can be run multiple times.  Each time it is run,
   * the placeholders, if any, will be replaced by the contents of
   * execute()'s $data argument.
   *
   * Three types of placeholders can be used:
   *   + <kbd>?</kbd>  scalar value (i.e. strings, integers).  The system
   *                   will automatically quote and escape the data.
   *   + <kbd>!</kbd>  value is inserted 'as is'
   *   + <kbd>&</kbd>  requires a file name.  The file's contents get
   *                   inserted into the query (i.e. saving binary
   *                   data in a db)
   *
   * Example 1.
   * <code>
   * $sth = $db->prepare('INSERT INTO tbl (a, b, c) VALUES (?, !, &)');
   * $data = array(
   *     "John's text",
   *     "'it''s good'",
   *     'filename.txt'
   * );
   * $res = $db->execute($sth, $data);
   * </code>
   *
   * Use backslashes to escape placeholder characters if you don't want
   * them to be interpreted as placeholders:
   * <pre>
   *    "UPDATE foo SET col=? WHERE col='over \& under'"
   * </pre>
   *
   * With some database backends, this is emulated.
   *
   * {@internal ibase and oci8 have their own prepare() methods.}}
   *
   * @param string $query  the query to be prepared
   *
   * @return mixed  DB statement resource on success. A DB_Error object
   *                 on failure.
   *
   * @see DB_common::execute()
   */
  function prepare($query) {
    $tokens = preg_split('/((?<!\\\\)[&?!])/', $query, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
    $token = 0;
    $types = array();
    $newtokens = array();
    foreach ($tokens as $val) {
      switch ($val) {
        case '?':
          $types[$token++] = DB_PARAM_SCALAR;
          break;
        case '&':
          $types[$token++] = DB_PARAM_OPAQUE;
          break;
        case '!':
          $types[$token++] = DB_PARAM_MISC;
          break;
        default:
          $newtokens[] = preg_replace('/\\\\([&?!])/', "\\1", $val);
      }
    }
    $this->prepare_tokens[] =& $newtokens;
    end($this->prepare_tokens);
    $k = key($this->prepare_tokens);
    $this->prepare_types[$k] = $types;
    $this->prepared_queries[$k] = implode(' ', $newtokens);
    return $k;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ autoPrepare()

  /**
   * Automaticaly generates an insert or update query and pass it to prepare()
   *
   * @param string $table         the table name
   * @param array  $table_fields  the array of field names
   * @param int    $mode          a type of query to make:
   *                               DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT or DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE
   * @param string $where         for update queries: the WHERE clause to
   *                               append to the SQL statement.  Don't
   *                               include the "WHERE" keyword.
   *
   * @return resource  the query handle
   *
   * @uses DB_common::prepare(), DB_common::buildManipSQL()
   */
  function autoPrepare($table, $table_fields, $mode = DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT, $where = false) {
    $query = $this
      ->buildManipSQL($table, $table_fields, $mode, $where);
    if (DB::isError($query)) {
      return $query;
    }
    return $this
      ->prepare($query);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ autoExecute()

  /**
   * Automaticaly generates an insert or update query and call prepare()
   * and execute() with it
   *
   * @param string $table         the table name
   * @param array  $fields_values the associative array where $key is a
   *                               field name and $value its value
   * @param int    $mode          a type of query to make:
   *                               DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT or DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE
   * @param string $where         for update queries: the WHERE clause to
   *                               append to the SQL statement.  Don't
   *                               include the "WHERE" keyword.
   *
   * @return mixed  a new DB_result object for successful SELECT queries
   *                 or DB_OK for successul data manipulation queries.
   *                 A DB_Error object on failure.
   *
   * @uses DB_common::autoPrepare(), DB_common::execute()
   */
  function autoExecute($table, $fields_values, $mode = DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT, $where = false) {
    $sth = $this
      ->autoPrepare($table, array_keys($fields_values), $mode, $where);
    if (DB::isError($sth)) {
      return $sth;
    }
    $ret =& $this
      ->execute($sth, array_values($fields_values));
    $this
      ->freePrepared($sth);
    return $ret;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ buildManipSQL()

  /**
   * Produces an SQL query string for autoPrepare()
   *
   * Example:
   * <pre>
   * buildManipSQL('table_sql', array('field1', 'field2', 'field3'),
   *               DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT);
   * </pre>
   *
   * That returns
   * <samp>
   * INSERT INTO table_sql (field1,field2,field3) VALUES (?,?,?)
   * </samp>
   *
   * NOTES:
   *   - This belongs more to a SQL Builder class, but this is a simple
   *     facility.
   *   - Be carefull! If you don't give a $where param with an UPDATE
   *     query, all the records of the table will be updated!
   *
   * @param string $table         the table name
   * @param array  $table_fields  the array of field names
   * @param int    $mode          a type of query to make:
   *                               DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT or DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE
   * @param string $where         for update queries: the WHERE clause to
   *                               append to the SQL statement.  Don't
   *                               include the "WHERE" keyword.
   *
   * @return string  the sql query for autoPrepare()
   */
  function buildManipSQL($table, $table_fields, $mode, $where = false) {
    if (count($table_fields) == 0) {
      return $this
        ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NEED_MORE_DATA);
    }
    $first = true;
    switch ($mode) {
      case DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT:
        $values = '';
        $names = '';
        foreach ($table_fields as $value) {
          if ($first) {
            $first = false;
          }
          else {
            $names .= ',';
            $values .= ',';
          }
          $names .= $value;
          $values .= '?';
        }
        return "INSERT INTO {$table} ({$names}) VALUES ({$values})";
      case DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE:
        $set = '';
        foreach ($table_fields as $value) {
          if ($first) {
            $first = false;
          }
          else {
            $set .= ',';
          }
          $set .= "{$value} = ?";
        }
        $sql = "UPDATE {$table} SET {$set}";
        if ($where) {
          $sql .= " WHERE {$where}";
        }
        return $sql;
      default:
        return $this
          ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_SYNTAX);
    }
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ execute()

  /**
   * Executes a DB statement prepared with prepare()
   *
   * Example 1.
   * <code>
   * $sth = $db->prepare('INSERT INTO tbl (a, b, c) VALUES (?, !, &)');
   * $data = array(
   *     "John's text",
   *     "'it''s good'",
   *     'filename.txt'
   * );
   * $res =& $db->execute($sth, $data);
   * </code>
   *
   * @param resource $stmt  a DB statement resource returned from prepare()
   * @param mixed    $data  array, string or numeric data to be used in
   *                         execution of the statement.  Quantity of items
   *                         passed must match quantity of placeholders in
   *                         query:  meaning 1 placeholder for non-array
   *                         parameters or 1 placeholder per array element.
   *
   * @return mixed  a new DB_result object for successful SELECT queries
   *                 or DB_OK for successul data manipulation queries.
   *                 A DB_Error object on failure.
   *
   * {@internal ibase and oci8 have their own execute() methods.}}
   *
   * @see DB_common::prepare()
   */
  function &execute($stmt, $data = []) {
    $realquery = $this
      ->executeEmulateQuery($stmt, $data);
    if (DB::isError($realquery)) {
      return $realquery;
    }
    $result = $this
      ->simpleQuery($realquery);
    if ($result === DB_OK || DB::isError($result)) {
      return $result;
    }
    else {
      $tmp =& new DB_result($this, $result);
      return $tmp;
    }
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ executeEmulateQuery()

  /**
   * Emulates executing prepared statements if the DBMS not support them
   *
   * @param resource $stmt  a DB statement resource returned from execute()
   * @param mixed    $data  array, string or numeric data to be used in
   *                         execution of the statement.  Quantity of items
   *                         passed must match quantity of placeholders in
   *                         query:  meaning 1 placeholder for non-array
   *                         parameters or 1 placeholder per array element.
   *
   * @return mixed  a string containing the real query run when emulating
   *                 prepare/execute.  A DB_Error object on failure.
   *
   * @access protected
   * @see DB_common::execute()
   */
  function executeEmulateQuery($stmt, $data = []) {
    $stmt = (int) $stmt;
    $data = (array) $data;
    $this->last_parameters = $data;
    if (count($this->prepare_types[$stmt]) != count($data)) {
      $this->last_query = $this->prepared_queries[$stmt];
      return $this
        ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_MISMATCH);
    }
    $realquery = $this->prepare_tokens[$stmt][0];
    $i = 0;
    foreach ($data as $value) {
      if ($this->prepare_types[$stmt][$i] == DB_PARAM_SCALAR) {
        $realquery .= $this
          ->quoteSmart($value);
      }
      elseif ($this->prepare_types[$stmt][$i] == DB_PARAM_OPAQUE) {
        $fp = @fopen($value, 'rb');
        if (!$fp) {
          return $this
            ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_ACCESS_VIOLATION);
        }
        $realquery .= $this
          ->quoteSmart(fread($fp, filesize($value)));
        fclose($fp);
      }
      else {
        $realquery .= $value;
      }
      $realquery .= $this->prepare_tokens[$stmt][++$i];
    }
    return $realquery;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ executeMultiple()

  /**
   * Performs several execute() calls on the same statement handle
   *
   * $data must be an array indexed numerically
   * from 0, one execute call is done for every "row" in the array.
   *
   * If an error occurs during execute(), executeMultiple() does not
   * execute the unfinished rows, but rather returns that error.
   *
   * @param resource $stmt  query handle from prepare()
   * @param array    $data  numeric array containing the
   *                         data to insert into the query
   *
   * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
   *
   * @see DB_common::prepare(), DB_common::execute()
   */
  function executeMultiple($stmt, $data) {
    foreach ($data as $value) {
      $res =& $this
        ->execute($stmt, $value);
      if (DB::isError($res)) {
        return $res;
      }
    }
    return DB_OK;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ freePrepared()

  /**
   * Frees the internal resources associated with a prepared query
   *
   * @param resource $stmt           the prepared statement's PHP resource
   * @param bool     $free_resource  should the PHP resource be freed too?
   *                                  Use false if you need to get data
   *                                  from the result set later.
   *
   * @return bool  TRUE on success, FALSE if $result is invalid
   *
   * @see DB_common::prepare()
   */
  function freePrepared($stmt, $free_resource = true) {
    $stmt = (int) $stmt;
    if (isset($this->prepare_tokens[$stmt])) {
      unset($this->prepare_tokens[$stmt]);
      unset($this->prepare_types[$stmt]);
      unset($this->prepared_queries[$stmt]);
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ modifyQuery()

  /**
   * Changes a query string for various DBMS specific reasons
   *
   * It is defined here to ensure all drivers have this method available.
   *
   * @param string $query  the query string to modify
   *
   * @return string  the modified query string
   *
   * @access protected
   * @see DB_mysql::modifyQuery(), DB_oci8::modifyQuery(),
   *      DB_sqlite::modifyQuery()
   */
  function modifyQuery($query) {
    return $query;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ modifyLimitQuery()

  /**
   * Adds LIMIT clauses to a query string according to current DBMS standards
   *
   * It is defined here to assure that all implementations
   * have this method defined.
   *
   * @param string $query   the query to modify
   * @param int    $from    the row to start to fetching (0 = the first row)
   * @param int    $count   the numbers of rows to fetch
   * @param mixed  $params  array, string or numeric data to be used in
   *                         execution of the statement.  Quantity of items
   *                         passed must match quantity of placeholders in
   *                         query:  meaning 1 placeholder for non-array
   *                         parameters or 1 placeholder per array element.
   *
   * @return string  the query string with LIMIT clauses added
   *
   * @access protected
   */
  function modifyLimitQuery($query, $from, $count, $params = []) {
    return $query;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ query()

  /**
   * Sends a query to the database server
   *
   * The query string can be either a normal statement to be sent directly
   * to the server OR if <var>$params</var> are passed the query can have
   * placeholders and it will be passed through prepare() and execute().
   *
   * @param string $query   the SQL query or the statement to prepare
   * @param mixed  $params  array, string or numeric data to be used in
   *                         execution of the statement.  Quantity of items
   *                         passed must match quantity of placeholders in
   *                         query:  meaning 1 placeholder for non-array
   *                         parameters or 1 placeholder per array element.
   *
   * @return mixed  a new DB_result object for successful SELECT queries
   *                 or DB_OK for successul data manipulation queries.
   *                 A DB_Error object on failure.
   *
   * @see DB_result, DB_common::prepare(), DB_common::execute()
   */
  function &query($query, $params = []) {
    if (sizeof($params) > 0) {
      $sth = $this
        ->prepare($query);
      if (DB::isError($sth)) {
        return $sth;
      }
      $ret =& $this
        ->execute($sth, $params);
      $this
        ->freePrepared($sth, false);
      return $ret;
    }
    else {
      $this->last_parameters = array();
      $result = $this
        ->simpleQuery($query);
      if ($result === DB_OK || DB::isError($result)) {
        return $result;
      }
      else {
        $tmp =& new DB_result($this, $result);
        return $tmp;
      }
    }
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ limitQuery()

  /**
   * Generates and executes a LIMIT query
   *
   * @param string $query   the query
   * @param intr   $from    the row to start to fetching (0 = the first row)
   * @param int    $count   the numbers of rows to fetch
   * @param mixed  $params  array, string or numeric data to be used in
   *                         execution of the statement.  Quantity of items
   *                         passed must match quantity of placeholders in
   *                         query:  meaning 1 placeholder for non-array
   *                         parameters or 1 placeholder per array element.
   *
   * @return mixed  a new DB_result object for successful SELECT queries
   *                 or DB_OK for successul data manipulation queries.
   *                 A DB_Error object on failure.
   */
  function &limitQuery($query, $from, $count, $params = []) {
    $query = $this
      ->modifyLimitQuery($query, $from, $count, $params);
    if (DB::isError($query)) {
      return $query;
    }
    $result =& $this
      ->query($query, $params);
    if (is_a($result, 'DB_result')) {
      $result
        ->setOption('limit_from', $from);
      $result
        ->setOption('limit_count', $count);
    }
    return $result;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ getOne()

  /**
   * Fetches the first column of the first row from a query result
   *
   * Takes care of doing the query and freeing the results when finished.
   *
   * @param string $query   the SQL query
   * @param mixed  $params  array, string or numeric data to be used in
   *                         execution of the statement.  Quantity of items
   *                         passed must match quantity of placeholders in
   *                         query:  meaning 1 placeholder for non-array
   *                         parameters or 1 placeholder per array element.
   *
   * @return mixed  the returned value of the query.
   *                 A DB_Error object on failure.
   */
  function &getOne($query, $params = []) {
    $params = (array) $params;

    // modifyLimitQuery() would be nice here, but it causes BC issues
    if (sizeof($params) > 0) {
      $sth = $this
        ->prepare($query);
      if (DB::isError($sth)) {
        return $sth;
      }
      $res =& $this
        ->execute($sth, $params);
      $this
        ->freePrepared($sth);
    }
    else {
      $res =& $this
        ->query($query);
    }
    if (DB::isError($res)) {
      return $res;
    }
    $err = $res
      ->fetchInto($row, DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED);
    $res
      ->free();
    if ($err !== DB_OK) {
      return $err;
    }
    return $row[0];
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ getRow()

  /**
   * Fetches the first row of data returned from a query result
   *
   * Takes care of doing the query and freeing the results when finished.
   *
   * @param string $query   the SQL query
   * @param mixed  $params  array, string or numeric data to be used in
   *                         execution of the statement.  Quantity of items
   *                         passed must match quantity of placeholders in
   *                         query:  meaning 1 placeholder for non-array
   *                         parameters or 1 placeholder per array element.
   * @param int $fetchmode  the fetch mode to use
   *
   * @return array  the first row of results as an array.
   *                 A DB_Error object on failure.
   */
  function &getRow($query, $params = [], $fetchmode = DB_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT) {

    // compat check, the params and fetchmode parameters used to
    // have the opposite order
    if (!is_array($params)) {
      if (is_array($fetchmode)) {
        if ($params === null) {
          $tmp = DB_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT;
        }
        else {
          $tmp = $params;
        }
        $params = $fetchmode;
        $fetchmode = $tmp;
      }
      elseif ($params !== null) {
        $fetchmode = $params;
        $params = array();
      }
    }

    // modifyLimitQuery() would be nice here, but it causes BC issues
    if (sizeof($params) > 0) {
      $sth = $this
        ->prepare($query);
      if (DB::isError($sth)) {
        return $sth;
      }
      $res =& $this
        ->execute($sth, $params);
      $this
        ->freePrepared($sth);
    }
    else {
      $res =& $this
        ->query($query);
    }
    if (DB::isError($res)) {
      return $res;
    }
    $err = $res
      ->fetchInto($row, $fetchmode);
    $res
      ->free();
    if ($err !== DB_OK) {
      return $err;
    }
    return $row;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ getCol()

  /**
   * Fetches a single column from a query result and returns it as an
   * indexed array
   *
   * @param string $query   the SQL query
   * @param mixed  $col     which column to return (integer [column number,
   *                         starting at 0] or string [column name])
   * @param mixed  $params  array, string or numeric data to be used in
   *                         execution of the statement.  Quantity of items
   *                         passed must match quantity of placeholders in
   *                         query:  meaning 1 placeholder for non-array
   *                         parameters or 1 placeholder per array element.
   *
   * @return array  the results as an array.  A DB_Error object on failure.
   *
   * @see DB_common::query()
   */
  function &getCol($query, $col = 0, $params = []) {
    $params = (array) $params;
    if (sizeof($params) > 0) {
      $sth = $this
        ->prepare($query);
      if (DB::isError($sth)) {
        return $sth;
      }
      $res =& $this
        ->execute($sth, $params);
      $this
        ->freePrepared($sth);
    }
    else {
      $res =& $this
        ->query($query);
    }
    if (DB::isError($res)) {
      return $res;
    }
    $fetchmode = is_int($col) ? DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED : DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC;
    if (!is_array($row = $res
      ->fetchRow($fetchmode))) {
      $ret = array();
    }
    else {
      if (!array_key_exists($col, $row)) {
        $ret =& $this
          ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD);
      }
      else {
        $ret = array(
          $row[$col],
        );
        while (is_array($row = $res
          ->fetchRow($fetchmode))) {
          $ret[] = $row[$col];
        }
      }
    }
    $res
      ->free();
    if (DB::isError($row)) {
      $ret = $row;
    }
    return $ret;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ getAssoc()

  /**
   * Fetches an entire query result and returns it as an
   * associative array using the first column as the key
   *
   * If the result set contains more than two columns, the value
   * will be an array of the values from column 2-n.  If the result
   * set contains only two columns, the returned value will be a
   * scalar with the value of the second column (unless forced to an
   * array with the $force_array parameter).  A DB error code is
   * returned on errors.  If the result set contains fewer than two
   * columns, a DB_ERROR_TRUNCATED error is returned.
   *
   * For example, if the table "mytable" contains:
   *
   * <pre>
   *  ID      TEXT       DATE
   * --------------------------------
   *  1       'one'      944679408
   *  2       'two'      944679408
   *  3       'three'    944679408
   * </pre>
   *
   * Then the call getAssoc('SELECT id,text FROM mytable') returns:
   * <pre>
   *   array(
   *     '1' => 'one',
   *     '2' => 'two',
   *     '3' => 'three',
   *   )
   * </pre>
   *
   * ...while the call getAssoc('SELECT id,text,date FROM mytable') returns:
   * <pre>
   *   array(
   *     '1' => array('one', '944679408'),
   *     '2' => array('two', '944679408'),
   *     '3' => array('three', '944679408')
   *   )
   * </pre>
   *
   * If the more than one row occurs with the same value in the
   * first column, the last row overwrites all previous ones by
   * default.  Use the $group parameter if you don't want to
   * overwrite like this.  Example:
   *
   * <pre>
   * getAssoc('SELECT category,id,name FROM mytable', false, null,
   *          DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC, true) returns:
   *
   *   array(
   *     '1' => array(array('id' => '4', 'name' => 'number four'),
   *                  array('id' => '6', 'name' => 'number six')
   *            ),
   *     '9' => array(array('id' => '4', 'name' => 'number four'),
   *                  array('id' => '6', 'name' => 'number six')
   *            )
   *   )
   * </pre>
   *
   * Keep in mind that database functions in PHP usually return string
   * values for results regardless of the database's internal type.
   *
   * @param string $query        the SQL query
   * @param bool   $force_array  used only when the query returns
   *                              exactly two columns.  If true, the values
   *                              of the returned array will be one-element
   *                              arrays instead of scalars.
   * @param mixed  $params       array, string or numeric data to be used in
   *                              execution of the statement.  Quantity of
   *                              items passed must match quantity of
   *                              placeholders in query:  meaning 1
   *                              placeholder for non-array parameters or
   *                              1 placeholder per array element.
   * @param int   $fetchmode     the fetch mode to use
   * @param bool  $group         if true, the values of the returned array
   *                              is wrapped in another array.  If the same
   *                              key value (in the first column) repeats
   *                              itself, the values will be appended to
   *                              this array instead of overwriting the
   *                              existing values.
   *
   * @return array  the associative array containing the query results.
   *                A DB_Error object on failure.
   */
  function &getAssoc($query, $force_array = false, $params = [], $fetchmode = DB_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT, $group = false) {
    $params = (array) $params;
    if (sizeof($params) > 0) {
      $sth = $this
        ->prepare($query);
      if (DB::isError($sth)) {
        return $sth;
      }
      $res =& $this
        ->execute($sth, $params);
      $this
        ->freePrepared($sth);
    }
    else {
      $res =& $this
        ->query($query);
    }
    if (DB::isError($res)) {
      return $res;
    }
    if ($fetchmode == DB_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT) {
      $fetchmode = $this->fetchmode;
    }
    $cols = $res
      ->numCols();
    if ($cols < 2) {
      $tmp =& $this
        ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_TRUNCATED);
      return $tmp;
    }
    $results = array();
    if ($cols > 2 || $force_array) {

      // return array values
      // XXX this part can be optimized
      if ($fetchmode == DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC) {
        while (is_array($row = $res
          ->fetchRow(DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC))) {
          reset($row);
          $key = current($row);
          unset($row[key($row)]);
          if ($group) {
            $results[$key][] = $row;
          }
          else {
            $results[$key] = $row;
          }
        }
      }
      elseif ($fetchmode == DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT) {
        while ($row = $res
          ->fetchRow(DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT)) {
          $arr = get_object_vars($row);
          $key = current($arr);
          if ($group) {
            $results[$key][] = $row;
          }
          else {
            $results[$key] = $row;
          }
        }
      }
      else {
        while (is_array($row = $res
          ->fetchRow(DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED))) {

          // we shift away the first element to get
          // indices running from 0 again
          $key = array_shift($row);
          if ($group) {
            $results[$key][] = $row;
          }
          else {
            $results[$key] = $row;
          }
        }
      }
      if (DB::isError($row)) {
        $results = $row;
      }
    }
    else {

      // return scalar values
      while (is_array($row = $res
        ->fetchRow(DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED))) {
        if ($group) {
          $results[$row[0]][] = $row[1];
        }
        else {
          $results[$row[0]] = $row[1];
        }
      }
      if (DB::isError($row)) {
        $results = $row;
      }
    }
    $res
      ->free();
    return $results;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ getAll()

  /**
   * Fetches all of the rows from a query result
   *
   * @param string $query      the SQL query
   * @param mixed  $params     array, string or numeric data to be used in
   *                            execution of the statement.  Quantity of
   *                            items passed must match quantity of
   *                            placeholders in query:  meaning 1
   *                            placeholder for non-array parameters or
   *                            1 placeholder per array element.
   * @param int    $fetchmode  the fetch mode to use:
   *                            + DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED
   *                            + DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC
   *                            + DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED | DB_FETCHMODE_FLIPPED
   *                            + DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC | DB_FETCHMODE_FLIPPED
   *
   * @return array  the nested array.  A DB_Error object on failure.
   */
  function &getAll($query, $params = [], $fetchmode = DB_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT) {

    // compat check, the params and fetchmode parameters used to
    // have the opposite order
    if (!is_array($params)) {
      if (is_array($fetchmode)) {
        if ($params === null) {
          $tmp = DB_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT;
        }
        else {
          $tmp = $params;
        }
        $params = $fetchmode;
        $fetchmode = $tmp;
      }
      elseif ($params !== null) {
        $fetchmode = $params;
        $params = array();
      }
    }
    if (sizeof($params) > 0) {
      $sth = $this
        ->prepare($query);
      if (DB::isError($sth)) {
        return $sth;
      }
      $res =& $this
        ->execute($sth, $params);
      $this
        ->freePrepared($sth);
    }
    else {
      $res =& $this
        ->query($query);
    }
    if ($res === DB_OK || DB::isError($res)) {
      return $res;
    }
    $results = array();
    while (DB_OK === $res
      ->fetchInto($row, $fetchmode)) {
      if ($fetchmode & DB_FETCHMODE_FLIPPED) {
        foreach ($row as $key => $val) {
          $results[$key][] = $val;
        }
      }
      else {
        $results[] = $row;
      }
    }
    $res
      ->free();
    if (DB::isError($row)) {
      $tmp =& $this
        ->raiseError($row);
      return $tmp;
    }
    return $results;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ autoCommit()

  /**
   * Enables or disables automatic commits
   *
   * @param bool $onoff  true turns it on, false turns it off
   *
   * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object if the driver
   *               doesn't support auto-committing transactions.
   */
  function autoCommit($onoff = false) {
    return $this
      ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ commit()

  /**
   * Commits the current transaction
   *
   * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
   */
  function commit() {
    return $this
      ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ rollback()

  /**
   * Reverts the current transaction
   *
   * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
   */
  function rollback() {
    return $this
      ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ numRows()

  /**
   * Determines the number of rows in a query result
   *
   * @param resource $result  the query result idenifier produced by PHP
   *
   * @return int  the number of rows.  A DB_Error object on failure.
   */
  function numRows($result) {
    return $this
      ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ affectedRows()

  /**
   * Determines the number of rows affected by a data maniuplation query
   *
   * 0 is returned for queries that don't manipulate data.
   *
   * @return int  the number of rows.  A DB_Error object on failure.
   */
  function affectedRows() {
    return $this
      ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ getSequenceName()

  /**
   * Generates the name used inside the database for a sequence
   *
   * The createSequence() docblock contains notes about storing sequence
   * names.
   *
   * @param string $sqn  the sequence's public name
   *
   * @return string  the sequence's name in the backend
   *
   * @access protected
   * @see DB_common::createSequence(), DB_common::dropSequence(),
   *      DB_common::nextID(), DB_common::setOption()
   */
  function getSequenceName($sqn) {
    return sprintf($this
      ->getOption('seqname_format'), preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9_.]/i', '_', $sqn));
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ nextId()

  /**
   * Returns the next free id in a sequence
   *
   * @param string  $seq_name  name of the sequence
   * @param boolean $ondemand  when true, the seqence is automatically
   *                            created if it does not exist
   *
   * @return int  the next id number in the sequence.
   *               A DB_Error object on failure.
   *
   * @see DB_common::createSequence(), DB_common::dropSequence(),
   *      DB_common::getSequenceName()
   */
  function nextId($seq_name, $ondemand = true) {
    return $this
      ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ createSequence()

  /**
   * Creates a new sequence
   *
   * The name of a given sequence is determined by passing the string
   * provided in the <var>$seq_name</var> argument through PHP's sprintf()
   * function using the value from the <var>seqname_format</var> option as
   * the sprintf()'s format argument.
   *
   * <var>seqname_format</var> is set via setOption().
   *
   * @param string $seq_name  name of the new sequence
   *
   * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
   *
   * @see DB_common::dropSequence(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
   *      DB_common::nextID()
   */
  function createSequence($seq_name) {
    return $this
      ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ dropSequence()

  /**
   * Deletes a sequence
   *
   * @param string $seq_name  name of the sequence to be deleted
   *
   * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
   *
   * @see DB_common::createSequence(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
   *      DB_common::nextID()
   */
  function dropSequence($seq_name) {
    return $this
      ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ raiseError()

  /**
   * Communicates an error and invoke error callbacks, etc
   *
   * Basically a wrapper for PEAR::raiseError without the message string.
   *
   * @param mixed   integer error code, or a PEAR error object (all
   *                 other parameters are ignored if this parameter is
   *                 an object
   * @param int     error mode, see PEAR_Error docs
   * @param mixed   if error mode is PEAR_ERROR_TRIGGER, this is the
   *                 error level (E_USER_NOTICE etc).  If error mode is
   *                 PEAR_ERROR_CALLBACK, this is the callback function,
   *                 either as a function name, or as an array of an
   *                 object and method name.  For other error modes this
   *                 parameter is ignored.
   * @param string  extra debug information.  Defaults to the last
   *                 query and native error code.
   * @param mixed   native error code, integer or string depending the
   *                 backend
   *
   * @return object  the PEAR_Error object
   *
   * @see PEAR_Error
   */
  function &raiseError($code = DB_ERROR, $mode = null, $options = null, $userinfo = null, $nativecode = null) {

    // The error is yet a DB error object
    if (is_object($code)) {

      // because we the static PEAR::raiseError, our global
      // handler should be used if it is set
      if ($mode === null && !empty($this->_default_error_mode)) {
        $mode = $this->_default_error_mode;
        $options = $this->_default_error_options;
      }
      $tmp = PEAR::raiseError($code, null, $mode, $options, null, null, true);
      return $tmp;
    }
    if ($userinfo === null) {
      $userinfo = $this->last_query;
    }
    if ($nativecode) {
      $userinfo .= ' [nativecode=' . trim($nativecode) . ']';
    }
    else {
      $userinfo .= ' [DB Error: ' . DB::errorMessage($code) . ']';
    }
    $tmp = PEAR::raiseError(null, $code, $mode, $options, $userinfo, 'DB_Error', true);
    return $tmp;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ errorNative()

  /**
   * Gets the DBMS' native error code produced by the last query
   *
   * @return mixed  the DBMS' error code.  A DB_Error object on failure.
   */
  function errorNative() {
    return $this
      ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ errorCode()

  /**
   * Maps native error codes to DB's portable ones
   *
   * Uses the <var>$errorcode_map</var> property defined in each driver.
   *
   * @param string|int $nativecode  the error code returned by the DBMS
   *
   * @return int  the portable DB error code.  Return DB_ERROR if the
   *               current driver doesn't have a mapping for the
   *               $nativecode submitted.
   */
  function errorCode($nativecode) {
    if (isset($this->errorcode_map[$nativecode])) {
      return $this->errorcode_map[$nativecode];
    }

    // Fall back to DB_ERROR if there was no mapping.
    return DB_ERROR;
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ errorMessage()

  /**
   * Maps a DB error code to a textual message
   *
   * @param integer $dbcode  the DB error code
   *
   * @return string  the error message corresponding to the error code
   *                  submitted.  FALSE if the error code is unknown.
   *
   * @see DB::errorMessage()
   */
  function errorMessage($dbcode) {
    return DB::errorMessage($this->errorcode_map[$dbcode]);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ tableInfo()

  /**
   * Returns information about a table or a result set
   *
   * The format of the resulting array depends on which <var>$mode</var>
   * you select.  The sample output below is based on this query:
   * <pre>
   *    SELECT tblFoo.fldID, tblFoo.fldPhone, tblBar.fldId
   *    FROM tblFoo
   *    JOIN tblBar ON tblFoo.fldId = tblBar.fldId
   * </pre>
   *
   * <ul>
   * <li>
   *
   * <kbd>null</kbd> (default)
   *   <pre>
   *   [0] => Array (
   *       [table] => tblFoo
   *       [name] => fldId
   *       [type] => int
   *       [len] => 11
   *       [flags] => primary_key not_null
   *   )
   *   [1] => Array (
   *       [table] => tblFoo
   *       [name] => fldPhone
   *       [type] => string
   *       [len] => 20
   *       [flags] =>
   *   )
   *   [2] => Array (
   *       [table] => tblBar
   *       [name] => fldId
   *       [type] => int
   *       [len] => 11
   *       [flags] => primary_key not_null
   *   )
   *   </pre>
   *
   * </li><li>
   *
   * <kbd>DB_TABLEINFO_ORDER</kbd>
   *
   *   <p>In addition to the information found in the default output,
   *   a notation of the number of columns is provided by the
   *   <samp>num_fields</samp> element while the <samp>order</samp>
   *   element provides an array with the column names as the keys and
   *   their location index number (corresponding to the keys in the
   *   the default output) as the values.</p>
   *
   *   <p>If a result set has identical field names, the last one is
   *   used.</p>
   *
   *   <pre>
   *   [num_fields] => 3
   *   [order] => Array (
   *       [fldId] => 2
   *       [fldTrans] => 1
   *   )
   *   </pre>
   *
   * </li><li>
   *
   * <kbd>DB_TABLEINFO_ORDERTABLE</kbd>
   *
   *   <p>Similar to <kbd>DB_TABLEINFO_ORDER</kbd> but adds more
   *   dimensions to the array in which the table names are keys and
   *   the field names are sub-keys.  This is helpful for queries that
   *   join tables which have identical field names.</p>
   *
   *   <pre>
   *   [num_fields] => 3
   *   [ordertable] => Array (
   *       [tblFoo] => Array (
   *           [fldId] => 0
   *           [fldPhone] => 1
   *       )
   *       [tblBar] => Array (
   *           [fldId] => 2
   *       )
   *   )
   *   </pre>
   *
   * </li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * The <samp>flags</samp> element contains a space separated list
   * of extra information about the field.  This data is inconsistent
   * between DBMS's due to the way each DBMS works.
   *   + <samp>primary_key</samp>
   *   + <samp>unique_key</samp>
   *   + <samp>multiple_key</samp>
   *   + <samp>not_null</samp>
   *
   * Most DBMS's only provide the <samp>table</samp> and <samp>flags</samp>
   * elements if <var>$result</var> is a table name.  The following DBMS's
   * provide full information from queries:
   *   + fbsql
   *   + mysql
   *
   * If the 'portability' option has <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE</samp>
   * turned on, the names of tables and fields will be lowercased.
   *
   * @param object|string  $result  DB_result object from a query or a
   *                                string containing the name of a table.
   *                                While this also accepts a query result
   *                                resource identifier, this behavior is
   *                                deprecated.
   * @param int  $mode   either unused or one of the tableInfo modes:
   *                     <kbd>DB_TABLEINFO_ORDERTABLE</kbd>,
   *                     <kbd>DB_TABLEINFO_ORDER</kbd> or
   *                     <kbd>DB_TABLEINFO_FULL</kbd> (which does both).
   *                     These are bitwise, so the first two can be
   *                     combined using <kbd>|</kbd>.
   *
   * @return array  an associative array with the information requested.
   *                 A DB_Error object on failure.
   *
   * @see DB_common::setOption()
   */
  function tableInfo($result, $mode = null) {

    /*
     * If the DB_<driver> class has a tableInfo() method, that one
     * overrides this one.  But, if the driver doesn't have one,
     * this method runs and tells users about that fact.
     */
    return $this
      ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ getTables()

  /**
   * Lists the tables in the current database
   *
   * @return array  the list of tables.  A DB_Error object on failure.
   *
   * @deprecated Method deprecated some time before Release 1.2
   */
  function getTables() {
    return $this
      ->getListOf('tables');
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ getListOf()

  /**
   * Lists internal database information
   *
   * @param string $type  type of information being sought.
   *                       Common items being sought are:
   *                       tables, databases, users, views, functions
   *                       Each DBMS's has its own capabilities.
   *
   * @return array  an array listing the items sought.
   *                 A DB DB_Error object on failure.
   */
  function getListOf($type) {
    $sql = $this
      ->getSpecialQuery($type);
    if ($sql === null) {
      $this->last_query = '';
      return $this
        ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED);
    }
    elseif (is_int($sql) || DB::isError($sql)) {

      // Previous error
      return $this
        ->raiseError($sql);
    }
    elseif (is_array($sql)) {

      // Already the result
      return $sql;
    }

    // Launch this query
    return $this
      ->getCol($sql);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ getSpecialQuery()

  /**
   * Obtains the query string needed for listing a given type of objects
   *
   * @param string $type  the kind of objects you want to retrieve
   *
   * @return string  the SQL query string or null if the driver doesn't
   *                  support the object type requested
   *
   * @access protected
   * @see DB_common::getListOf()
   */
  function getSpecialQuery($type) {
    return $this
      ->raiseError(DB_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED);
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ _rtrimArrayValues()

  /**
   * Right-trims all strings in an array
   *
   * @param array $array  the array to be trimmed (passed by reference)
   *
   * @return void
   *
   * @access protected
   */
  function _rtrimArrayValues(&$array) {
    foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
      if (is_string($value)) {
        $array[$key] = rtrim($value);
      }
    }
  }

  // }}}
  // {{{ _convertNullArrayValuesToEmpty()

  /**
   * Converts all null values in an array to empty strings
   *
   * @param array  $array  the array to be de-nullified (passed by reference)
   *
   * @return void
   *
   * @access protected
   */
  function _convertNullArrayValuesToEmpty(&$array) {
    foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
      if (is_null($value)) {
        $array[$key] = '';
      }
    }
  }

}

/*
 * Local variables:
 * tab-width: 4
 * c-basic-offset: 4
 * End:
 */

Classes

Namesort descending Description
DB_common DB_common is the base class from which each database driver class extends