batch_example.module in Examples for Developers 7

Outlines how a module can use the Batch API.

File

batch_example/batch_example.module

<?php

/**
 * @file
 * Outlines how a module can use the Batch API.
 */

/**
 * @defgroup batch_example Example: Batch API
 * @ingroup examples
 * @{
 * Outlines how a module can use the Batch API.
 *
 * Batches allow heavy processing to be spread out over several page
 * requests, ensuring that the processing does not get interrupted
 * because of a PHP timeout, while allowing the user to receive feedback
 * on the progress of the ongoing operations. It also can prevent out of memory
 * situations.
 *
 * The @link batch_example.install .install file @endlink also shows how the
 * Batch API can be used to handle long-running hook_update_N() functions.
 *
 * Two harmless batches are defined:
 * - batch 1: Load the node with the lowest nid 100 times.
 * - batch 2: Load all nodes, 20 times and uses a progressive op, loading nodes
 *   by groups of 5.
 * @see batch
 */

/**
 * Implements hook_menu().
 */
function batch_example_menu() {
  $items = array();
  $items['examples/batch_example'] = array(
    'title' => 'Batch example',
    'description' => 'Example of Drupal batch processing',
    'page callback' => 'drupal_get_form',
    'page arguments' => array(
      'batch_example_simple_form',
    ),
    'access callback' => TRUE,
  );
  return $items;
}

/**
 * Form builder function to allow choice of which batch to run.
 */
function batch_example_simple_form() {
  $form['description'] = array(
    '#type' => 'markup',
    '#markup' => t('This example offers two different batches. The first does 1000 identical operations, each completed in on run; the second does 20 operations, but each takes more than one run to operate if there are more than 5 nodes.'),
  );
  $form['batch'] = array(
    '#type' => 'select',
    '#title' => 'Choose batch',
    '#options' => array(
      'batch_1' => t('batch 1 - 1000 operations, each loading the same node'),
      'batch_2' => t('batch 2 - 20 operations. each one loads all nodes 5 at a time'),
    ),
  );
  $form['submit'] = array(
    '#type' => 'submit',
    '#value' => 'Go',
  );

  // If no nodes, prevent submission.
  // Find out if we have a node to work with. Otherwise it won't work.
  $nid = batch_example_lowest_nid();
  if (empty($nid)) {
    drupal_set_message(t("You don't currently have any nodes, and this example requires a node to work with. As a result, this form is disabled."));
    $form['submit']['#disabled'] = TRUE;
  }
  return $form;
}

/**
 * Submit handler.
 *
 * @param array $form
 *   Form API form.
 * @param array $form_state
 *   Form API form.
 */
function batch_example_simple_form_submit($form, &$form_state) {
  $function = 'batch_example_' . $form_state['values']['batch'];

  // Reset counter for debug information.
  $_SESSION['http_request_count'] = 0;

  // Execute the function named batch_example_batch_1() or
  // batch_example_batch_2().
  $batch = $function();
  batch_set($batch);
}

/**
 * Batch 1 definition: Load the node with the lowest nid 1000 times.
 *
 * This creates an operations array defining what batch 1 should do, including
 * what it should do when it's finished. In this case, each operation is the
 * same and by chance even has the same $nid to operate on, but we could have
 * a mix of different types of operations in the operations array.
 */
function batch_example_batch_1() {
  $nid = batch_example_lowest_nid();
  $num_operations = 1000;
  drupal_set_message(t('Creating an array of @num operations', array(
    '@num' => $num_operations,
  )));
  $operations = array();

  // Set up an operations array with 1000 elements, each doing function
  // batch_example_op_1.
  // Each operation in the operations array means at least one new HTTP request,
  // running Drupal from scratch to accomplish the operation. If the operation
  // returns with $context['finished'] != TRUE, then it will be called again.
  // In this example, $context['finished'] is always TRUE.
  for ($i = 0; $i < $num_operations; $i++) {

    // Each operation is an array consisting of
    // - The function to call.
    // - An array of arguments to that function.
    $operations[] = array(
      'batch_example_op_1',
      array(
        $nid,
        t('(Operation @operation)', array(
          '@operation' => $i,
        )),
      ),
    );
  }
  $batch = array(
    'operations' => $operations,
    'finished' => 'batch_example_finished',
  );
  return $batch;
}

/**
 * Batch operation for batch 1: load a node.
 *
 * This is the function that is called on each operation in batch 1.
 */
function batch_example_op_1($nid, $operation_details, &$context) {
  $node = node_load($nid, NULL, TRUE);

  // Store some results for post-processing in the 'finished' callback.
  // The contents of 'results' will be available as $results in the
  // 'finished' function (in this example, batch_example_finished()).
  $context['results'][] = $node->nid . ' : ' . check_plain($node->title);

  // Optional message displayed under the progressbar.
  $context['message'] = t('Loading node "@title"', array(
    '@title' => $node->title,
  )) . ' ' . $operation_details;
  _batch_example_update_http_requests();
}

/**
 * Batch 2 : Prepare a batch definition that will load all nodes 20 times.
 */
function batch_example_batch_2() {
  $num_operations = 20;

  // Give helpful information about how many nodes are being operated on.
  $node_count = db_query('SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT nid) FROM {node}')
    ->fetchField();
  drupal_set_message(t('There are @node_count nodes so each of the @num operations will require @count HTTP requests.', array(
    '@node_count' => $node_count,
    '@num' => $num_operations,
    '@count' => ceil($node_count / 5),
  )));
  $operations = array();

  // 20 operations, each one loads all nodes.
  for ($i = 0; $i < $num_operations; $i++) {
    $operations[] = array(
      'batch_example_op_2',
      array(
        t('(Operation @operation)', array(
          '@operation' => $i,
        )),
      ),
    );
  }
  $batch = array(
    'operations' => $operations,
    'finished' => 'batch_example_finished',
    // Message displayed while processing the batch. Available placeholders are:
    // @current, @remaining, @total, @percentage, @estimate and @elapsed.
    // These placeholders are replaced with actual values in _batch_process(),
    // using strtr() instead of t(). The values are determined based on the
    // number of operations in the 'operations' array (above), NOT by the number
    // of nodes that will be processed. In this example, there are 20
    // operations, so @total will always be 20, even though there are multiple
    // nodes per operation.
    // Defaults to t('Completed @current of @total.').
    'title' => t('Processing batch 2'),
    'init_message' => t('Batch 2 is starting.'),
    'progress_message' => t('Processed @current out of @total.'),
    'error_message' => t('Batch 2 has encountered an error.'),
  );
  return $batch;
}

/**
 * Batch operation for batch 2 : load all nodes, 5 by five.
 *
 * After each group of 5 control is returned to the batch API for later
 * continuation.
 */
function batch_example_op_2($operation_details, &$context) {

  // Use the $context['sandbox'] at your convenience to store the
  // information needed to track progression between successive calls.
  if (empty($context['sandbox'])) {
    $context['sandbox'] = array();
    $context['sandbox']['progress'] = 0;
    $context['sandbox']['current_node'] = 0;

    // Save node count for the termination message.
    $context['sandbox']['max'] = db_query('SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT nid) FROM {node}')
      ->fetchField();
  }

  // Process nodes by groups of 5 (arbitrary value).
  // When a group of five is processed, the batch update engine determines
  // whether it should continue processing in the same request or provide
  // progress feedback to the user and wait for the next request.
  // That way even though we're already processing at the operation level
  // the operation itself is interruptible.
  $limit = 5;

  // Retrieve the next group of nids.
  $result = db_select('node', 'n')
    ->fields('n', array(
    'nid',
  ))
    ->orderBy('n.nid', 'ASC')
    ->where('n.nid > :nid', array(
    ':nid' => $context['sandbox']['current_node'],
  ))
    ->extend('PagerDefault')
    ->limit($limit)
    ->execute();
  foreach ($result as $row) {

    // Here we actually perform our dummy 'processing' on the current node.
    $node = node_load($row->nid, NULL, TRUE);

    // Store some results for post-processing in the 'finished' callback.
    // The contents of 'results' will be available as $results in the
    // 'finished' function (in this example, batch_example_finished()).
    $context['results'][] = $node->nid . ' : ' . check_plain($node->title) . ' ' . $operation_details;

    // Update our progress information.
    $context['sandbox']['progress']++;
    $context['sandbox']['current_node'] = $node->nid;
    $context['message'] = check_plain($node->title);
  }

  // Inform the batch engine that we are not finished,
  // and provide an estimation of the completion level we reached.
  if ($context['sandbox']['progress'] != $context['sandbox']['max']) {
    $context['finished'] = $context['sandbox']['progress'] >= $context['sandbox']['max'];
  }
  _batch_example_update_http_requests();
}

/**
 * Batch 'finished' callback used by both batch 1 and batch 2.
 */
function batch_example_finished($success, $results, $operations) {
  if ($success) {

    // Here we could do something meaningful with the results.
    // We just display the number of nodes we processed...
    drupal_set_message(t('@count results processed in @requests HTTP requests.', array(
      '@count' => count($results),
      '@requests' => _batch_example_get_http_requests(),
    )));
    drupal_set_message(t('The final result was "%final"', array(
      '%final' => end($results),
    )));
  }
  else {

    // An error occurred.
    // $operations contains the operations that remained unprocessed.
    $error_operation = reset($operations);
    drupal_set_message(t('An error occurred while processing @operation with arguments : @args', array(
      '@operation' => $error_operation[0],
      '@args' => print_r($error_operation[0], TRUE),
    )), 'error');
  }
}

/**
 * Utility function - simply queries and loads the lowest nid.
 *
 * @return int|NULL
 *   A nid or NULL if there are no nodes.
 */
function batch_example_lowest_nid() {
  $select = db_select('node', 'n')
    ->fields('n', array(
    'nid',
  ))
    ->orderBy('n.nid', 'ASC')
    ->extend('PagerDefault')
    ->limit(1);
  $nid = $select
    ->execute()
    ->fetchField();
  return $nid;
}

/**
 * Utility function to increment HTTP requests in a session variable.
 */
function _batch_example_update_http_requests() {
  $_SESSION['http_request_count']++;
}

/**
 * Utility function to count the HTTP requests in a session variable.
 *
 * @return int
 *   Number of requests.
 */
function _batch_example_get_http_requests() {
  return !empty($_SESSION['http_request_count']) ? $_SESSION['http_request_count'] : 0;
}

/**
 * @} End of "defgroup batch_example".
 */

Functions

Name	Description
batch_example_batch_1	Batch 1 definition: Load the node with the lowest nid 1000 times.
batch_example_batch_2	Batch 2 : Prepare a batch definition that will load all nodes 20 times.
batch_example_finished	Batch 'finished' callback used by both batch 1 and batch 2.
batch_example_lowest_nid	Utility function - simply queries and loads the lowest nid.
batch_example_menu	Implements hook_menu().
batch_example_op_1	Batch operation for batch 1: load a node.
batch_example_op_2	Batch operation for batch 2 : load all nodes, 5 by five.
batch_example_simple_form	Form builder function to allow choice of which batch to run.
batch_example_simple_form_submit	Submit handler.
_batch_example_get_http_requests	Utility function to count the HTTP requests in a session variable.
_batch_example_update_http_requests	Utility function to increment HTTP requests in a session variable.